Guides3 min read

Understanding the land register extract

The land register extract (Grundbuchauszug) is the most important document when selling a property - and the least understood. Buyers, banks and notaries examine it closely. Those who know what it contains (and what it does not) negotiate from a stronger position.

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Why do I need a land register extract when selling?

The land register extract documents ownership, encumbrances (e.g. land charges, rights of way) and restrictions on your property — buyers, the notary and the bank use it to check the legal situation. For a sale it must be no more than 3 months old. You can request it from the land registry; we support you with this.

What is the land register?

The land register (Grundbuch) is the official register of all plots of land in Germany. Each plot has its own land register sheet. It is kept at the local court (Amtsgericht) - in Dresden at the Amtsgericht Dresden, Lothringer Straße 1.

The land register is public. Anyone who can demonstrate a “legitimate interest” (e.g. an intention to buy) may inspect it. Owners can request an extract at any time.

Structure: the three sections

Inventory (Bestandsverzeichnis)

Describes the plot - location, size, parcel number. Changes (e.g. division or merger) are documented here.

Section I — owners

Who is the owner? Since when? On what basis (purchase, inheritance, gift)? In the case of communities of heirs, all heirs are listed here.

Section II — encumbrances and restrictions

This is where it gets interesting. The following are entered:

  • Rights of way (a neighbour may walk/drive across your plot)
  • Usufruct rights (someone may use the property even though it belongs to you)
  • Rights of first refusal (e.g. of the municipality)
  • Residential rights (someone may live there, even if the property is sold)
  • Building encumbrances (public-law obligations)

Section III — land charges and mortgages

This is where mortgages and land charges (Grundschulden) are listed. If you bought a property on credit, the bank entered a land charge. This must be removed on sale - otherwise no one will buy.

Buyers pay particular attention to Section II. A right of way through the garden or a registered residential right can significantly depress the price.

A counter-intuitive detail: a registered land charge does not automatically mean that a loan is still running. Many owners paid off their loan long ago but never had the land charge removed. That is no problem - but you need the bank's removal consent (Löschungsbewilligung). Cost: €200–500.

Relevance when selling

Buyers and their banks check:

Is the seller really the owner?

(Section I)

Are there encumbrances that reduce the value?

(Section II)

Which land charges must be removed?

(Section III)

The notary checks the land register extract before the purchase contract. No current extract, no notary appointment.

Common entries and what they mean

Right of way

A neighbour may use a defined path across your plot. Reduction: 2–5 percent of the plot value, depending on extent.

Land charge

The bank holds a security interest. Must be removed on sale. No problem as long as the loan is being serviced.

Usufruct

Someone has the right to use the property (live in it or rent it out). As long as the usufruct exists, the sale is restricted. Value: heavily reduced.

Right of first refusal

The municipality or a third party has the right to buy at the same price on sale. Rarely exercised in Dresden, but it delays the process.

Residential right

Similar to usufruct, but more limited. The holder may live there, but not rent it out.

Requesting a land register extract in Dresden

Where

Amtsgericht Dresden, land registry office (Grundbuchamt), Lothringer Straße 1. Or online via the Saxony justice portal (Justizportal Sachsen).

Cost

Simple extract €10, certified extract €20.

Waiting time

1–2 weeks at the local court. Online sometimes faster.

Tip: Order the certified extract. Buyers' banks often only accept certified copies. The extract should be no older than 3 months.

Removing entries before the sale

Removing a land charge

You need the bank's removal consent. For paid-off loans: write to the bank, request the consent (takes 2–4 weeks). Cost: €200–500 (notary + land registry office).

Removing a right of way

Only with the holder's consent. If the neighbour does not want to give up the right of way, it remains in place.

Removing usufruct/residential right

Only with the holder's consent or after their death. If the holder is alive: negotiation is required (often against a settlement payment).

My advice: check the land register extract BEFORE starting the sale. Surprises in the land register are the most common reason for sales falling through.

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Frequently asked questions

What is a land register extract and why do I need it?
The land register extract shows the ownership situation, registered encumbrances (e.g. land charges, rights of way) and restrictions on your property. It is indispensable for every sale, because the buyer and the notary have to check the legal situation. You can request it from the responsible land registry — we support you with this.
How old may the land register extract be at the point of sale?
No more than 3 months. Older extracts are not accepted by notaries and banks.
What does a land register extract cost?
10 euros (simple) to 20 euros (certified). At the Dresden Local Court or online.
Do I have to cancel the land charge before the sale?
Not necessarily before the sale — but as part of it. The notary handles the cancellation in the purchase contract. The bank receives the redemption amount from the purchase price and issues the cancellation consent.
What if I find entries in the land register that I don't recognise?
Have the extract checked by a notary or solicitor. Old entries (e.g. land charges from paid-off loans) can be cancelled. Registered third-party rights (right of way, right of residence) must be mentioned in the listing.
Can a buyer request the land register extract themselves?
Yes, if there is a legitimate interest (e.g. a concrete purchase interest). In practice, the seller or agent provides the extract.
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